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Abstract

Background: Adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) is a malignant salivary gland tumor characterized by a high rate of metastasis. One of the recurrent genetic alterations in AdCC involves NOTCH1, leading to the activation and release of NOTCH intracellular domain 1 (NICD1). The epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), a key process in tumor metastasis, is regulated by NICD1 and Snail. This study aimed to investigate the association between NICD1 expression, Snail expression, and pulmonary metastasis in AdCC.

Methods: This analytical observational case–control study included AdCC samples with and without pulmonary metastasis. NICD1 and Snail immunoexpression levels were assessed using histoscore and analyzed using the chi-square test. In total, 40 samples were examined, comprising 20 metastatic and 20 non-metastatic cases.

Results: NICD1 immunoexpression was detected in 85% of metastatic and 25% of non-metastatic cases, demonstrating a significant association with pulmonary metastasis (odds ratio [OR] = 17.000; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.464–83.436; p = 0.0001). Snail expression was observed in 65% of metastatic and 45% of non-metastatic cases; however, this difference was not statistically significant (OR = 2.273; 95% CI: 0.64–8.13; p = 0.204). A significant correlation was observed between NICD1 and Snail expression (OR = 8.840; 95% CI: 2.106–37.110; p = 0.002).

Conclusion: NICD1 expression is significantly associated with metastatic progression in AdCC, suggesting a potential role in tumor metastasis. Although Snail expression was not significantly associated with metastasis, its observed association between NICD1 suggests a possible interaction between NOTCH signaling and EMT-related pathways, warranting further investigation.

Pages

150-156

DOI

10.65844/2503-0825.1497

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