Correlation of Alpha-Amylase and orthodontic pain perception: Standard edgewise vs Straight-Wire appliances

Authors

Elih Sayuti, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, IndonesiaFollow
Ida A. Evangelina, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, IndonesiaFollow
Avi Laviana, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, IndonesiaFollow
Zenith Paskalin, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, IndonesiaFollow
Endah Mardiati, Department of Diagnostic and Allied Health Science, Faculty of Health and Life Science, Management and Science University, MalaysiaFollow
Santhra S. Balan, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, IndonesiaFollow
Ardiansyah PawinruFollow

Abstract

Introduction: Pain is a biological response to orthodontic forces and a major concern during orthodontic treatment. This leads some patients to delay or avoid orthodontic treatment. Pain intensity during orthodontic treatment is generally assessed using the visual analogue scale (VAS). Pain stimulates the sympathetic adrenal medullary system, which increases salivary α-amylase (sAA) secretion. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between VAS pain intensity and alpha-amylase pain biomarker concentration during the initial stages of orthodontic tooth movement. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Fourteen patients requiring orthodontic treatment with maxillary premolar extraction and canine distalization using the Standard Edgewise (SE) and Straight Wire Appliance (SWA) techniques participated in this study.   sAA concentrations were examined, and participants rated their pain on a visual analogue scale (VAS) before device bonding and activation (T0), on day 1 (T1), day 3 (T2), day 7 (T3), and day 14 (T4). Results: The first day (T1) after the activation of fixed orthodontic appliances showed the highest values for the VAS score (average 46.39) and sAA  level (average 83.35 ng/mL). A statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed between the VAS score and the time of measurement. However, no significant correlation (p > 0.05) was observed between the type of fixed orthodontic appliance (SE or SW) and sAA levels or VAS scores across the different time points. Conclusion: VAS scores and sAA levels increased during initial orthodontic treatment with both the SE and SWA systems. Pain perception and sAA levels showed a slight positive correlation.

Recommended Citation

Sayuti, Elih; Evangelina, Ida A.; Laviana, Avi; Paskalin, Zenith; Mardiati, Endah; Balan, Santhra S.; and Pawinru, Ardiansyah (2025) "Correlation of Alpha-Amylase and orthodontic pain perception: Standard edgewise vs Straight-Wire appliances," Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Science: Vol. 10: Iss. 3, Article 6.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15562/jdmfs.v10i3.2016
Available at: https://scholarhub.unhas.ac.id/jdmfs/vol10/iss3/6

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Rights

©2025Elih Sayuti, Ida A. Evangelina, Avi Laviana, Zenith Paskalin, Endah Mardiati, Santhra S. Balan, Ardiansyah Pawinru

DOI

10.15562/jdmfs.v10i3.2016