Rethinking School Nutrition via Community Engagement: A Review with Implications for Indonesia’s MBG Program

Authors

Adnan Achiruddin Saleh, Faculty of Ushuluddin, Adab and Dakwah, State Islamic Institute of Parepare, ParepareFollow
Suparman Abdullah, Faculty of Political Science and Social Science, Hasanuddin University, MakassarFollow
Rahmat Muhammad, Faculty of Political Science and Social Science, Hasanuddin University, MakassarFollow
Muhammad Yusran Amir, Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, MakassarFollow
Sulvinajayanti Sulvinajayanti, Faculty of Ushuluddin, Adab and Dakwah, State Islamic Institute of Parepare, ParepareFollow

Abstract

Community engagement has become a growing concern in the implementation of school nutrition programs, particularly in addressing issues of child malnutrition, food insecurity, and educational outcomes. However, definitions and levels of participation remain conceptually fragmented across various studies. This study aims to systematically review the scope, forms, and implications of community engagement in school-based nutrition programs. A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted on 89 Scopus-indexed publications from 1984 to 2025 using the PRISMA 2020 protocol. Thematic analysis was employed to identify the conceptual, methodological, and contextual variations of community involvement. Data were collected through document analysis of peer-reviewed journal articles focusing instead on qualitative synthesis. The study examined forms of engagement based on eight participation levels and five thematic domains. Results show that the relevance of the topic has increased significantly, especially in the last decade, with a marked rise in academic interest from diverse institutions. While collaborative practices such as cross-sector coordination, parental involvement, and grassroots food initiatives are often promoted, most programs operate at symbolic or consultative levels, rarely advancing to full empowerment. Contextual cases, such as Indonesia’s Free Nutritious Meals Program (MBG), illustrate both the promise and challenge of operationalizing community engagement at scale. This review concludes that future research must adopt a more theory-informed and practice-oriented approach to community participation, supported by clearer frameworks, inclusive governance models, and culturally adaptive implementation strategies.

Recommended Citation

Saleh, Adnan Achiruddin; Abdullah, Suparman; Muhammad, Rahmat; Amir, Muhammad Yusran; and Sulvinajayanti, Sulvinajayanti (2025) "Rethinking School Nutrition via Community Engagement: A Review with Implications for Indonesia’s MBG Program," Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia: Vol. 21: Iss. 3, Article 2.
DOI: 10.30597/mkmi.v21i3.46204
Available at: https://scholarhub.unhas.ac.id/mkmi/vol21/iss3/2

Pages

259-273

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-Share Alike 4.0 International License.

Rights

©2025by author

DOI

10.30597/mkmi.v21i3.46204