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DOI

10.65844/2549-4333.1242

Abstract

The growing demand for inclusivity in conservation has led international conservation organisations (ICOs) to collaborate more with local conservation organisations (LCOs). This paper assesses such partnerships through a community-led initiative establishing a wildlife corridor between Maiko and Kahuzi-Biega National Parks. In this region, resource conflicts are often cited as a political justification for recurring conservation failures. However, this framing overlooks crucial questions about how fairness and sustainability in conservation are constructed in practice, particularly within contested forestlands where multiple groups claim legitimacy over ownership. We analyse the structural conditions that enable or constrain the formation of authentic partnerships. Such partnerships are characterised by equitable negotiation, shared goals, and reciprocal processes, all designed to enhance local autonomy and achieve fair, equitable, and long-term conservation outcomes. Using document reviews, fieldwork, and interviews, our study finds that although conservation areas are legally designated, LCOs primarily act as service providers, implementing ICO-led projects. ICO support is often short-term and project-based, prioritising the legal recognition of conservation areas to meet global expansion targets, but lacking sustained financial commitment. Unclear exit strategies further undermine LCO autonomy, fostering dependency rather than empowerment. Drawing on Scott's patron-client theory, we argue that ICOs, as patrons, shape outcomes to align with their own interests, while LCOs, as clients, adapt strategies to maximise available benefits. This reciprocal dynamic perpetuates inefficiency and reinforces deep-rooted power imbalances. Our findings highlight that securing long-term conservation success requires transforming the structural conditions that inhibit authentic partnerships, placing far greater emphasis on empowering local actors.

Received Date

24 October 2025

Accepted Date

30 January 2026

Available Online Date

23 April 2026

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