Psychosocial Factors and Prevalence of Stress in Early Pregnancy: A Study in Makassar City

Authors

Jumriani Ansar, Doctoral Student of Epidemiology Study Program, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia & Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, IndonesiaFollow
Asri C Adisasmita, Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, IndonesiaFollow
Sudarto Ronoatmodjo, Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, IndonesiaFollow
Farid Husin, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, IndonesiaFollow
Muliani Ratnaningsih, Faculty of Health, University of Pejuang Republic Indonesia, Makassar, IndonesiaFollow

Abstract

Stress during pregnancy can negatively impact the health of both the mother and the fetus, especially in the first trimester, which is a period of intense physical and emotional adaptation. This study aims to determine the prevalence and psychosocial factors associated with the occurrence of stress in first-trimester pregnant women in Makassar City. This study uses a cross-sectional design involving 256 first-trimester pregnant women from five public health centers in the suburban areas of Makassar City. Data were collected through interviews using a structured questionnaire. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS10) instrument was used to measure stress levels. Analysis was conducted bivariately and multivariately using logistic regression. The prevalence of severe stress among pregnant women in the first trimester was 36.72%. Multivariate analysis revealed two factors significantly associated with severe stress: low family income (adjusted Prevalence Ratio (aPR) = 2.32; 95% CI: 1.15–4.66; p = 0.018) and poor interpersonal relationships with parents or in-laws (adjusted Prevalence Ratio (aPR) = 4.63; 95% CI: 1.53–14.02; p = 0.007). Socioeconomic factors and interpersonal relationships with parents/in-laws influence the high levels of stress experienced by first-trimester pregnant women. Early intervention that considers the family's economic aspects and social support from the surrounding environment is critical in preventing stress during pregnancy.

Recommended Citation

Ansar, Jumriani; Adisasmita, Asri C; Ronoatmodjo, Sudarto; Husin, Farid; and Ratnaningsih, Muliani (2025) "Psychosocial Factors and Prevalence of Stress in Early Pregnancy: A Study in Makassar City," Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia: Vol. 21: Iss. 2, Article 2.
DOI: 10.30597/mkmi.v21i2.44786
Available at: https://scholarhub.unhas.ac.id/mkmi/vol21/iss2/2

Pages

124-131

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-Share Alike 4.0 International License.

Rights

©2025by author

DOI

10.30597/mkmi.v21i2.44786